Fig. 2

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mount a pan-microbial core transcriptional response to infection with diverse pathogens that is distinct from the wounding response. The number of differentially expressed (DE) genes (DESeq2 fold change ≥1.5, padj < 0.05) was identified for mock-wounded (Mock) and live-infected Aedes aegypti (A) and Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) (B) at 12 and 36 hours post-challenge. Live challenges included Escherichia coli (Ec), Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 (Ecc15), Serratia marcescens type strain (Sm), Providencia rettgeri (Pr), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Micrococcus luteus (Ml), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), Candida albicans (Ca), Beauveria bassiana (Bb), and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma). Criteria for a gene’s inclusion in the pan-microbial core are detailed in panel (C). Bar plots display the number of genes DE in response to live infection (inclusive of both timepoints) in Ae. aegypti (D) and An. gambiae (F), including genes in the UP or DOWN pan-microbial cores (dark colors), and those that did not meet the criteria for inclusion (light colors). Venn diagrams display the extent of overlap between the UP cores and DOWN cores (E and G) for each species with the genes that were DE after mock wounding (inclusive of both timepoints). The log₂ values of the fold change (relative to unchallenged, calculated by DESeq2) for each gene in the UP (H and I) and DOWN (J and K) cores for Mock and live infection conditions at both 12 and 36 hours post-challenge are displayed in violin plots. Black diamonds mark the median value for each condition. The gray dotted line indicates the level of the median log₂ fold change for the Mock condition at 12 hours post-challenge. The red lines show the trajectory of change in median values between 12 and 36 hours for each condition