Fig. 4

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae do not discriminate transcriptionally between Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections. Principal component analyses of transcriptomes from Gram-negative- and Gram-positive-challenged Drosophila melanogaster (A), Ae. aegypti (B), and An. gambiae (s.l.) (C). Challenges included Escherichia coli (Ec), Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 (Ecc15), Serratia marcescens type strain (Sm), Providencia rettgeri (Pr), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Micrococcus luteus (Ml), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and Candida albicans (Ca). Principal component analyses of transcriptomes from Ae. aegypti (D) and An. gambiae (E) challenged with concentrated (OD₆₀₀ = 100) heat-killed Ec and heat-killed Ef. F Criteria for inclusion in the Gram-negative and Gram-positive cores, with Venn diagrams showing the size and relationship between cores in D. melanogaster, Ae. aegypti, and An. gambiae. Plots depicting the expression (in transcripts per million) of genes in the Gram-negative and Gram-positive core genes in D. melanogaster (G, J), Ae. aegypti (H, K, M) and An. gambiae (I, L, N) juxtaposing the response to Ec versus Ef (G, H, I), Ecc15 versus Ml (J, K, L), and heat-killed Ec versus heat-killed Ef (M, N); all data from 12-hour timepoint. Linear regressions (solid lines) are plotted through the origin. Dotted lines delineate an arbitrary perpendicular geometric distance of 2000 from the trendline. Clustering analyses of Gram-negative and Gram-positive core genes in D. melanogaster (O), Ae. aegypti (P), and An. gambiae (Q) comparing log₂FC (calculated by DESeq2) in insects challenged with Ec, Ecc15, Sm, Pr, Sa, Ef, and Ml; all data from 12-hour timepoint. Volcano plots depicting genes that are differentially expressed (DESeq2 fold-change ≥1.5, padj < 0.05) in a comparison of Ec- and Ecc15-challenged versus Ef- and Ml-challenged D. melanogaster (R), Ae. aegypti (S), and An. gambiae (T); all data from 12-hour timepoint