Fig. 1

Biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin in fenugreek. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) converts to cycloartenol via a series of multiple reactions. Cycloartenol is converted to either cycloartenol, leading to cholesterol formation (blue box), or 24 methylene cycloartenol, resulting in stigmasterol (green box). Cholesterol is then converted to 3β‐cholesta‐5‐en‐3,22‐diol, which ultimately results in the diosgenin biosynthesis (purple box). (Adapted from [10]). The heatmap shows the impact of treatment on expression changes of six genes on the biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin in fenugreek (see Result section for details)