Table 4 Representative genesets identified with GSA analysis as significantly enriched after 1,25(OH)₂D treatment of RWPE1 cells (FDR<5%).

6 h

Vitamin D target genes (c3:465, 796, 797)

Induced during differentiation (c2:963, 1219,489)

Suppressed by JNK (c2:899)

Genes involved in electron transport (c2:455)

p53 and BRCA1 target genes (c2:1149, 190)

GPC Receptors (c2:1108, 613, 620)

NRF2 pathway (c2:108)

Induced by SERM (c2:528)

VEGF target genes (c2:1600, 1603, 1604, 1605)

Cytokines signaling (IL17, STAT3, STEM, LAIR pathways) (c2:406, 853, 861, 861, 1408, 1391)

TNFA target genes (c2:1126, 875)

Suppressed during differentiation (c2:40)

IGF1 target genes (c2:841)

WNT target genes (c2:1632, 1634; c3:162)

Notch target genes (c2:1087)

GPC Receptors (c2:612, 1033, 618)

Suppressed by SERM ( c2:528)

24 h

Vitamin D target genes (c3:465)

Induced during differentiation (c2:1219)

Suppressed by JNK (c2:899)

Genes involved in electron transport (c2:455, 457)

Nitrogen metabolism (c2:1096)

ROS modulators (c2:758)

VEGF target genes (c2:1600, 1602, 1604, 1605)

Cytokines signaling (c2:1650)

Down-regulated by p21 (c2:1141, 1138)

Cyclins (c2:288)

IGF1 target genes (c2:581)

Notch signaling (c2:1102)

Notch target genes (c2:1087)

48 h

Vitamin D target genes (c3:465)

Induced during differentiation (c2:963)

Suppressed by JNK (c2:899)

Nitrogen metabolism (c2:1096)

VEGF target genes (c2:1600, 1602, 1604)

Cytokines signaling (c2:1100, 1650)

IL6 target genes (c2:220, 918, 862)

IFNs target genes (c2:1241, 419, 421, 423, 4306, 623, 625, 155, 412, 835, 831, 832, 824, 825, 826, 829, 830)

IFNA and G pathway (c2:837, 838, 1394)

TNFA target genes (c2:1308, 1476, 1479)

Suppressed during differentiation (c2:40, 812)

Down-regulated by p21 (c2:1138)

IGF1 target genes (c2:581, 841)

Induced by JNK (c2:900)STAT2 and STAT5B target genes (c3:597,765)