Fig. 5

Heatmaps of transcript expression based on normalized data of expression values (FPKM) in three functional categories. Only differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with minimum fold change of two with p <0.05 after adjustment using false discovery rate (FDR) are shown in the heatmaps. Overrepresented (red) and underrepresented transcripts (blue) are shown as relative to the expression values measured across four stages of the rust life cycle, infected pine needle (IfN) at 4 dpi, infected pine stems (IfS), aeciospore (Aec), and urediniospore (Ure) in infected Ribes leaves. a Secreted proteins; b Candidate effectors with functional annotation in the PHI database; c CAZymes