Identification of loci and candidate gene GmSPX-RING1 responsible for phosphorus efficiency in soybean via genome-wide association analysis

Table 1 Phenotypic values of three P efficiency related traits in two independent hydroponic experiments

Trait	Treatment	Exp.	Mean	CV%	Range	P^a	G^b	P × G^c	h²/%^d
SDW (g)	-P	E1	0.37 ± 0.13	34.55	0.08–0.76	***	***	***	75.52
	-P	E2	0.46 ± 0.16	35.23	0.12–0.90				75.52
	+P	E1	0.40 ± 0.16	39.83	0.10–0.94				76.08
	+P	E2	0.49 ± 0.19	39.51	0.11–1.12				76.08
SDWR	-P/+P	E1	0.98 ± 0.25	25.87	0.45–2.10	\	***	\	14.92
SDWR	-P/+P	E2	0.98 ± 0.25	25.78	0.46–1.70	\	***	\	14.92
SP (μg/g)	-P	E1	2099.80 ± 632.34	30.11	846.27–4390.45	***	***	***	44.22
	-P	E2	1531.71 ± 487.81	31.85	726.02–3458.93				44.22
	+P	E1	8786.83 ± 2188.60	24.91	4574.59–17,822.12				65.80
	+P	E2	7484.81 ± 1868.88	24.97	3683.65–15,166.40				65.80
SPR	-P/+P	E1	0.24 ± 0.07	26.95	0.08–0.50	\	***	\	39.44
SPR	-P/+P	E2	0.21 ± 0.07	32.32	0.09–0.42	\	***	\	39.44
SPA (mg)	-P	E1	0.76 ± 0.31	40.23	0.19–1.80	***	***	***	60.38
	-P	E2	0.68 ± 0.30	43.74	0.18–2.17				60.38
	+P	E1	3.41 ± 1.44	42.18	1.15–9.15				60.06
	+P	E2	3.54 ± 1.43	40.29	0.88–8.46				60.06
SPAR	-P/+P	E1	0.24 ± 0.09	38.01	0.08–0.57	\	***	\	54.66
SPAR	-P/+P	E2	0.21 ± 0.09	42.58	0.07–0.47	\	***	\	54.66

SDW shoot dry weight, SDWR the ratio of shoot dry weight under -P condition to +P condition, SP shoot P concentration, SPR the ratio of shoot P concentration under -P condition to +P condition, SPA shoot P accumulation, SPAR the ratio of shoot P accumulation under -P condition to +P condition. Exp.: Experiment; +P: One-half Hoagland’s solution supplied with 0.5 mM KH₂PO₄; −P: One-half Hoagland’s solution supplied with 0.005 mM KH₂PO₄. ^a: Phosphorus level; ^b: Genotype; ^c: Phosphorus level × Genotype; ^d: broad-sense heritability. ns: not significant; *, **and *** significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively

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