Fig. 12

Phenotypic observation after the treatment with the MMP protein inhibitor GM6001. Phenotypic of male larvae, pupae and their testes of S. litura from L6D6 middle stage to P1D in the control group and the treatment group. The male larvae were injected with DMSO (a) or MMP protein inhibitor GM6001 (b) at L6D6 early stage. Twenty four hours later, in DMSO control group, most larvae developed into normal pupae and the testes were fused, a few larvae did not develop into normal pupae and was not able to shed during the larva-to-pupa metamorphosis. Most testes were fused for these melanism pupae (a). In the GM6001 treatment group, most larvae were not able to develop into normal pupae, and their testes did not fuse for both melanism and normal pupae (b). The 60–70 male larvae were injected for each treatment. Experiment was repeated three times. One representative result was shown