Fig. 5

Relative expression levels of the selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pine wood nematodes (PWN). cDNA samples were derived from PWNs treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, solvent control), 20 µg/mL green fluorescent protein (GFP, non-toxic protein), and 20 µg/mL CytCo protein. The fold changes (FC) of the relative expression levels of DEGs were calculated based on the analysis of real-time quantitative PCR. The selected DEGs contain the genes encoding (a) cuticle collagen (BXY_1699200), (b) major sperm protein (BXY_0820100), (c) cathepsin (BXY_0408100), (d) cytochrome P450 (BXY_007660), (e) serine carboxypeptidase (BXY_0963400), (f) arginine kinase (BXY_1237900), (g) ATP-binding cassette transporter (BXY_0203900), (h) elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (BXY_1705500), and (i) tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein (BXY_0951400). Error bars: SEM from three biological replicates. ns: no significant; *: significant difference (Fisher’s LSD, P < 0.05). Primers are listed in Table S14