Fig. 4

Frequency distribution (A) and pairwise Pearson’s correlation coefficients (B) of the apricot maturity date (MD) trait in the association mapping panel across the three years of evaluation (2017, 2018 and 2019). Manhattan (C) and QQ-plot (D) of -log10 p-values estimated from the three-year data using FarmCPU algorithm adjusted for population structure. Horizontal lines indicate the Bonferroni’s-adjusted threshold (continuous line, 1.93E⁻⁰⁶) and permutation test (dashed line, 2.63E⁻⁰⁵)